Professor: Victor Zhong & Kate Larson | Term: Fall 2025

Lecture 1

History of AI

  • Philosophy (reasoning, planning, learning, science, automation)
  • Mathematics (logic, probability, optimization)
  • Neuroscience (neurons, adaptation)
  • Economics

An agent is an entity that perceive and acts.

A rational agent selects actions that maximize its expected utility. Characteristics of the sensors, actuators, and environment dictate techniques for selecting rational actions.

This course is about:

  • General AI techniques for many problem types
  • Learning to choose and apply the technique

A rational agent : percepts actions

Caveat: Computational limitations and environmental constraints means we do not have perfect rationality.

To design a rational agent, the task must be defined

  • Performance measures
  • Environment
  • Actuators
  • Sensors

Properties of task environment determine what AI approach is most suitable.

  • Fully Observable vs Partially Observable
    • sensors give access to complete state of environment?
  • Deterministic vs Stochastic
    • is the next state completely determined by the current state action executed?
  • Episodic vs Dynamic
    • does the current decision / action influence future decisions or actions
  • Discrete vs Continuous
    • How are the states, time, actions modelled?
  • Static vs Dynamic
    • Is the environment changing as the agent is planning what to do next?
  • Single Agent vs Multiagent

Topics covered:

  • Search
    • Uninformed and Heuristic Search
    • Constraint Satisfaction
  • Reasoning Under Uncertainty
    • Probability Theory and Decision Theory
    • Probabilistic Inference, Causal Inference
    • Bayesian networks, Markov decision processes
  • Learning
    • Decision Trees, Statistical Learning, Neural Networks
    • Bandits, Reinforcement Learning
  • Multiagent systems
    • Game-tree search, Game theory, Multiagent Reinforcement Learning